Scott Berglund – Visual Rehabilitation in Children and Adolescents: Treatment Techniques for Cross Dominance, Visual Neglect, Ocular Motility and Scotopic Sensitivity

Outline

ANATOMY OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

• Pathway of sight
  • Parallel pathways and the LGN
    • Parvocellular retinal ganglion cells
    • Magnocellular retinal ganglion cells
  • Pathway overlap and short circuits (Dyslexia Theory)
• Primary visual areas
• Secondary visual areas
• Interpretation of these areas

VISUAL-MOTOR INTEGRATION IN THE BRAIN

• Primary motor pathway
• Cortical interactions between the motor system and the visual system
• Secondary visual area interaction

POSITIONING, MOVEMENT, & THE EFFECTS ON VISION

• Reflexes: acquiring visual-motor control
• Righting reactions: proprioception, vestibular, and visual system interaction
• Pelvic girdle: power, visual awareness, and alertness
• Shoulder girdle: head and neck control, ocular motor activation

CROSS DOMINANCE: WHEN HAND DOMINANCE & EYE DOMINANCE DON’T MATCH

• Defining and identifying cross dominance
• Why do we have a dominant eye when half of each eye has control?
• Directionality and play issues
• Handwriting issues
• Reading challenges
• Treatment techniques and relationship to the brain
• Lab
  • Discrimination training
  • Vertical midline activities

UNILATERAL VISUAL NEGLECT

• Definition of neglect and the identification
• Issues during play, work, and school
• Handwriting clues associated with visual neglect
• Environmental adaptions
• Treatment techniques
• Lab
  • Reflex training
  • Midline exercises

EYE TEAMING TRACKING & SACCADES

• Musculature of the eye
• What do problems look like?
• When should I treat and when should I refer?
  • Reading problems
  • Handwriting problems
  • Gross motor problems
  • Orthopedic pelvic dysfunctions
• Training and lab
  • Focus/refocus exercises
  • Motor system treatments
  • Reading training

VISUAL PROCESSING

• Understanding visual processing
• Visual spatial relations
• Visual figure ground
• Effects on handwriting
• Reading challenges
• Treatment techniques
• Lab
  • Space-moment and cortical learning
  • Relationship to saccades and eye teaming

SCOTOPIC SENSITIVITY & ITS SECONDARY EFFECTS

• Definition and theory
• Effects on visual pathways and secondary visual areas
• Treatment techniques and effect on visual spatial relations, tracking, and scanning
• Case study